Indie authors would love to wave a magic wand and have
ads transform their backlist into best sellers. It doesn’t work that way. For
the first week, AMS is more like visiting the doctor or mechanic after going
without for years. You pay a bunch of money to find out what needs fixing. Be
willing to pay upfront for this valuable information and make changes
accordingly. If you’re lucky, you can use the tools available to find a niche
for your book that is profitable and satisfies your customers. I know this
because I played amateur sleuth like one of my characters. I’ll give concrete
examples from my experiments below.
1. Don’t try this with 99 cent books
Your cut of a 99 cent e-book is less than 30 cents. AMS bid
averages start in the 35 cent range. The best categories are closer to 90
cents. This means that you’ll never make a profit. Even if you’re willing to
eat the huge loss short-term, my one-day comparison experience is that people
are less likely to click on a 99 cent novel than a 2.99 option. If you don’t
value the product, why should anyone else?
2. Use Kindle Select Novels with a Paperback Option
Although it is difficult to track, novels that subscribe to KDP
Select have much better results. Kindle Unlimited subscribers who don’t have to
pay extra are much more willing to try
your book. Once they read a few pages, they should be hooked. Even with
stand-alone novels, I’ve generated almost as much follow-on revenue through KU
as during the actual sale of units. My “Doors to Eternity” epic fantasy didn’t
benefit from the exclusive Amazon contract the way all my sci-fi novels did,
but I flipped it on after a few days to make my ad dollars go twice as far. Note that I sold a higher percentage of paperbacks than normal with these ads. (11% compared to the normal 0.2 percent) Unfortunately, the AMS reports won't tell you which keyword sold your paperback, and the total sales on the summary page will be mysterious more than those on the spreadsheets because of this.
Lastly, I noticed that read-through to the second book in any series made ads even
more cost-effective. The higher your read-through rate, the better the effects.
Because 67 percent of readers of “Jezebel’s Ladder” buy “Sirius Academy,” and there
are five books in the series, one sale has the weight of three.
Below is the comparison of direct sales versus KU. Note the two-day lead time.
3. Manually Target
I’ve never seen an automatic campaign get significant
clicks. If it does get clicks, they often don’t lead to sales for the first
several days, and you won’t know why or be able to control this. The point of
this exercise is for you to learn.
That’s the real benefit for what you’re spending initially. If you knew what
sold or why people liked/disliked your product you wouldn’t be in this
situation. I use an initial budget of $10 a day. Plan on burning that much per
book to find out what you don’t know. Try to start out with at least 75
keywords/phrases and add to the list each day as you find out what works. For
the first book I wrote, Scarab, I could only think of 29 phrases. Only three
got above 50 impressions, and only “Ready Player One” was something other than
a sci-fi category name. As much as I thought fourteen-year-old video-game
players will like the book, it isn’t really marketable. If I couldn’t think of
enough good reasons somebody would want it, no one else will. With all my other
experiments, other good keywords kept popping up every day. I was able to use
the data to change the price and blurb on my novels to reflect what I learned. For example, 100% of Andre Norton fans who clicked on my Doors ad purchased the book, so I added her to the blurb and my keywords. I also added her to the list of phrases on my YA novel, an even better fit.
4. Be Patient
Data in Amazon takes one to three days to be recorded.
Nothing will show up on your sale board for 24 hours. Even if you get sales on
your board, you won’t always know which title sold for a while. KU purchases
take even longer to register. Furthermore, book sales happen in cycles. For
example, my epic fantasy sales dip on Sunday and Tuesday, but spike heavily on
Monday at 1, after my target audience of IT guys comes back from lunch and
checks their e-mail. You need several days of data before discarding anything. Be aware that the reporting interface is buggy. When you change to request Targeting keywords, it resets the span of the report to LAST month, giving you an empty useless spreadsheet. I recommend the "Month to Date" version.
5. Preconceptions are the First Casualty
However, on day three, you can begin changing the search
keywords that you entered in your initial KDP setup for your e-book. The words
you thought described your book are
probably irrelevant garbage. Now you can prove what is popular and what
positively associates with your product. For example: my magic school novel
“Tells” had Harry Potter in the description, but everyone uses that label. Only
.2 percent of impressions go anywhere. I had no idea that Richelle Mead or
Harley Merlin series fans would convert so much better (up to 2.5 percent). The
keywords Magic and Intuition were a waste of space, and I replaced them with
the two successful ones. For my “K2 Virus,” no one cared about Virus, Korean,
or Martial Arts, but Pandemic, Assassin, and Tom Clancy were huge winners. Evidently,
buyers wanted a spy thriller more than a research paper. Why customers are interested is something we haven’t been able to
see before. Take advantage of what you’re learning to make your book better
long-term, not just for the span of a sale.
6. If Amazon Won’t Spend Your Money, It Can’t Be Spent
After four days, “Quantum Zero Sentinel,” one of my newer
novels hadn’t spent even $3. I had very few clicks. Why not? It had a 4.8
rating and had a decent initial sales bump with my regular fans. However, there
were several problems. First, the targeted Batman/Orphan Black fans weren’t
interested. The more popular authors who resonated were Dan Simmons, Neal
Stephenson, and William Gibson. Altered Carbon even had a good showing. Wow!
Huge compliments, but I need to radically change my blurb. The category that
most closely aligned with the novel wasn’t hard sci-fi, but Spy Thriller, with
a whopping 2.5% click rate. My biggest problem? The cover doesn’t say any of
this to prospective readers. I’ll have to spend another $200 plus to fix the
problem. Fortunately, my Facebook marketing research of alternate images says
that more than enough people will buy the novel to pay for this change. In the
meantime, thousands of people in my niche were exposed to my brand for next to
nothing. Next time they see one of my books, they’ll be more likely to buy.
7. Not All Clicks are Good
False clicks happen, and they hurt, especially early on when
you’re adjusting your campaign. Sometimes it’s an accident or a fluke. I had
this happen most often with popular titles like “Game of Thrones,” “Warhammer,”
or “Star Trek.” You need to reduce the chances of a mistake using negative
keywords like RPG, DVD, Movie, or TV so that you don’t pay for someone’s fat
fingers. After filtering, the hit rate for several of these is much lower (1
per 3000 views). I eventually got rid of these phrases, too, because even if
the Star Trek customers do buy my space opera, it won’t be the experience they’re
looking for and my product reviews will be lower. This is an exercise in
finding the
right audience for your
writing. Since K2 Virus has a transgender character, I made that one of the
original keywords. However, the types of books that come up when you search
that word on Amazon are very specific sorts of erotica—nothing like my novel. I
turned this keyword off after several false hits because I don’t want to
mislead people. As this decision very subjective, I make it a rule to switch
off only one of these false leads a day (or a couple closely-linked ones like
Klingon and Star Fleet). Then watch how the revised list performs on your
reports tomorrow. Eventually, you’ll have a smooth-running machine.
Here is an actual sample day with my decisions color-coded.
| keyword |
views |
clicks |
cost per click |
spent |
sales |
| assassin |
961 |
3 |
$ 0.99 |
$ 2.98 |
$
2.99 |
| espionage |
633 |
1 |
$ 0.64 |
$ 0.64 |
|
| medical thrillers |
622 |
7 |
$ 1.14 |
$ 7.98 |
$
5.98 |
| spy novels |
616 |
1 |
$ 0.65 |
$ 0.65 |
|
| pandemic |
589 |
12 |
$ 0.87 |
$ 10.38 |
0 |
| tom clancy (BROAD) |
576 |
1 |
$ 1.33 |
$ 1.33 |
|
| tom clancy |
450 |
1 |
$ 1.54 |
$ 1.54 |
|
| plague |
292 |
6 |
$ 0.76 |
$ 4.55 |
$
2.99 |
| north korea |
279 |
1 |
$ 0.63 |
$ 0.63 |
|
| richard preston |
190 |
2 |
$ 0.81 |
$ 1.62 |
|
| spy |
181 |
1 |
$ 0.59 |
$ 0.59 |
|
| hard science fiction |
83 |
1 |
$ 0.84 |
$ 0.84 |
|
| military thrillers |
47 |
1 |
$ 0.59 |
$ 0.59 |
|
| outbreak |
43 |
1 |
$ 0.48 |
$ 0.48 |
|
| bioterrorism thriller |
39 |
2 |
$ 0.46 |
$ 0.91 |
$
2.99 |
8. All Hat, No Cattle
The last case is the hardest. What happens if you get lots
of clicks, but nobody buys? Ouch. You just shelled out good money for nothing.
I had this happen with “Void Contract.” One of two things might be to blame. I’ll
have to apply the scientific method to determine which. First, the image of an
African man with a gun on the cover can be off-putting to American consumers. I
found with Facebook experiments that British and Indian customers have no such
bias. Unfortunately, I can’t test this theory because AMS doesn’t run anywhere
but the US, and I don’t want to buy another new cover today. Second, and more
likely, is that the detailed pitch is too dull for the audience. I wrote the
book as an homage to the 70s author Alan Dean Foster and peace between all
species, but today’s military sci-fi fans (Zahn, Dietz, Green, Cook) are the
ones buying it. No room for touchie-feelie with these guys. The pitch has to
grab them by the nose and shout, “Someone who deserves it is gonna get hurt,
and you can watch.” Testing will take a week because first I have to wait a day
for the e-book to unlock after I changed the keywords. Then, the new pitch can
take another day to percolate through to the Amazon page. Finally, I’ll need at
least three days of revised data collection to judge the performance of the new
one. Because of the long wait, I need to word-smith each revision carefully. I’m
considering the following replacement:
- Max doesn’t want to be an assassin, but his Xhosan-African
genes and hunter training make him invisible to empaths, the perfect weapon for
hunting alien war criminals across the Gigaparsec of known space. After they’re
all gone, he isn’t sure how he’ll fit into peacetime society. That’s not a
problem now that Saurian mobsters have kidnapped his only surviving friend. Since
evolved races can’t legally kill sentients, Max is going to have to get
creative.
- Fans of Dietz, Zahn, Vance, Heinlein, Walter Jon Williams, and Babylon 5 should enjoy this action-filled quest to other
planets.
I’ll update the post when these results are available.
9. The Long View
For “midlist” authors like myself with a couple dozen novels, AMS works
best as a marathon, not a sprint. I don’t want one-day burst of 500 sales,
followed by obscurity. I want a steady three sales a day, building my “people
who bought this” affiliations and increasing my positive reviews. I love it
when a day after someone new likes one of my novels, an entire cluster of them
sell. These are intangibles you can’t buy. The biggest success from the first
wave of my AMS experiments was “K2 Virus,” which has a handful of keywords that
pop 25 times a day, but when they do, I have a 4 percent conversion to sales. At
the other extreme, I have words that get 200 views a day with only a
half-percent click rate. You have to work these ads like a farm: planting,
weeding, harvesting, and starting over the next season when conditions change yet
again. This isn’t a one-time deal; rather, AMS ads are a tool in your arsenal
to help you understand who your buyers are and what they want—marketing. This
also informs what the topic of my next novel should be. If I can tell from
research that it won’t have a market, I shouldn’t spend three months and a
thousand dollars creating it.
10. Adapt
After over a week, I figured out that two of the keywords I used were getting sales but not earning as much as they cost. Therefore, I adjusted the amount I will bid so it stays inside the profit margin. This can be adapted continuously from week to week.
| Targeting |
Cost Per Click (CPC) |
Spend |
ACoS |
profit point |
| assassin |
$ 1.40 |
$ 5.58 |
186.6% |
0.75 |
| medical thrillers |
$ 0.98 |
$ 10.82 |
180.9% |
0.54 |
